Chronic infections cause long-term changes in key immune cells. T-helper cells suppress their immune function to ensure their survival.

T-helper cells, scientifically known as CD4⁺ T cells, control key processes in our immune system. They detect signs of pathogens and relay signals to other immune cells. In this way, they help B cells produce antibodies and support T killer cells in fighting infected cells. Researchers at the Medical Center – University of Freiburg have now investigated how these immune cells change under prolonged stress during chronic infections. Using chronic hepatitis C infection as an example, the team demonstrated that T helper cells shift their focus: they regulate the immune response less vigorously in order to ensure their own survival. This helps to better understand the course of chronic infections and opens up avenues for new therapies. The findings were published on April 1, 2026, in the journal Immunity.

Original title of the publication: Acute and chronic infections drive distinct trajectories in human memory CD4+ T cell formation
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2026.03.008
Link to the study: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2026.03.008